THE MAYAN CONNECTION - PART II
'STAR GODS'
Scroll down for Maya 'Hero Twins'
"To answer you questions..... the interest of the 'Boss' had in the Maya goes back to the time he was in Mexico, studying as an archaeologist.", Faunus said. "The who ?", Glen asked, looking mystified. "The Maya ... they are a very advanced ancient civilization who live in Mexico and Central America, and claim to be..... descended from the 'Jaguar gods from the stars'. But if you want to find out more about that, you'll have to ask the 'Boss' about it." Faunus said.
Or read this article.....
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"Ah ! This 'ancient Maya-thingy'...."
as Ethan would say...
THE BEGINNING OF THE MAYA
For about the next 2,000 years that civilization flourished.
The Maya built cities, invested in farming and in trade, and created a calendar.
The population soared, with some estimates suggesting that there were, at one time, as many as 22 million Mayans.
THE END OF THE MAYA ?
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| Mayan Warfare |
Some experts think the Maya were victims of a natural disaster - perhaps a massive earthquake, or a volcanic eruption.
But the cities left behind by the Maya were intact.
None of the temples or the stone buildings had any mark of damage.
None of the temples or the stone buildings had any mark of damage.
Other historians blame drought and famine - or some form of ecological disaster.
The Maya were good farmers but, as their population grew, it became harder to feed everyone.
And so, the theory goes, they left their cities behind in search of food ?
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| Ecological Disaster |
And so, the theory goes, they left their cities behind in search of food ?
Other research suggests that the Maya destroyed themselves - perhaps through civil war, but there are no records of such a conflict in the inscriptions that they left behind.
Mayan cities, it seems, were suddenly abandoned - most of the people’s traditions forgotten, and their languages seemingly lost forever.
NEW DISCOVERIES
‘We believe for certain that aliens worked with the Mayans....'
said Luis Augusto Garcia Rosado, the 'Minister for Tourism' for the Mexican State of Campeche.
Was it possible that the Maya were themselves were space or time travelers, and that, when they disappeared, they’d quite simply gone back to wherever they had come from ?
So, maybe the 'Boss' was right, all along ?
THE MAYA
These were a people who were obsessed with astronomy, boasting a highly advanced calendar that is still accurate to this day.
But were the Mayans gods who imbued the ancient civilization with their advanced knowledge actually 'alien' ?
SOME MAYAN GODS
Not all of the gods were venerated in all of the city-states of the Maya (at least, not by the same name) but the type of god, and what that god symbolized to the people, seems to have been universally recognized.
An example of this can be seen in the different names given to the underworld by the Yucatec Maya of the north and the Quiche Maya of the south.
The Quiche called their underworld `Metnal’ while the Yucatec referred to the same place as `Xibalba’.
Though the names were different, the characteristics of the dark `land of fright’, through which a soul had to travel after death, were the same.
'Xibalba', roughly translated as 'place of fear', is the name of the underworld in K'iche' Maya mythology, ruled by the Maya death gods, and their helpers.
Maya 'Hero Twins'
Xibalba was home of a famous ball-court in which the heroes of the Popol Vuh succumbed to the trickery of the demons in the form of a deadly, bladed ball, as well as the site in which the 'Maya Hero Twins' outwitted the Gods, and brought about their downfall. The role of Xibalba and the Xibalbans after their great defeat at the hands of the 'Hero Twins' is unclear, although it seems to have continued its existence as a then neglected dark place of the underworld. The Maya associated the color red with death and rebirth, and often covered graves and skeletal remains with cinnabar. Burial sites were oriented to provide access to the next world.Graves faced north or west, in the directions of the Maya Heavens.
Another instance of this can be seen in the creation myths where, for the Quiche, thirteen gods were involved in creating human beings from maize while, to the Yucatec, it was only two.
Still, the message of the myths is the same: the gods struggled to create human beings just as humans struggle with their own attempts at creation and survival.
According to the Maya, the gods were involved in every aspect of the life of the Maya.
They controlled the weather, the harvest, they dictated one’s mate, presided over every birth, and were present at one’s death.
Itzamna was the creator god, but he also embodied the cosmos, and was simultaneously a sun god;
K'inich Ahau, the day sun, was one of his aspects.
Itzamna was the creator god, but he also embodied the cosmos, and was simultaneously a sun god;
K'inich Ahau, the day sun, was one of his aspects.
COPYING THE ALIENS ?
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| The Feathered Serpent |
Similarly, children’s heads were bound, especially males, in order to elongate the forehead in emulation of the 'gods', especially the very popular Maize God figure.
Artificial cranial deformation or modification, head flattening, or head binding is a form of body alteration in which the skull of a human being is deformed intentionally. It is done by distorting the normal growth of a child's skull by applying force. Flat shapes, elongated ones (produced by binding between two pieces of wood), rounded ones (binding in cloth), and conical ones are among those chosen or valued in various cultures. Typically, the shape alteration is carried out on an infant, as the skull is most pliable at this time. In a typical case, head-binding begins approximately a month after birth and continues for about six months.
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| Mayan Deformed Skull |
The way in which a city was planned and the precision with which the central temples were constructed all followed from an understanding of the way of the 'gods'.
The great 'Temple of Kukulcan' (Quetzalcoatl the 'Feathered Serpent') at Chichen Itza is an embodiment of the secular calendar (the Haab) of 365 days, but is also very specifically designed to make the god, also known as the 'Plumed Serpent' come back to earth twice a year.
The steps of the Temple of Kukulcan (also known today as El Castillo - the Castle) run steeply down from the temple at the summit of the pyramid to stone serpent heads at the base of the stairs.
On the twin equinoxes each year, the sun casts the shadow of a serpent which moves slowly down the stairs from the temple to the stone heads and creates the image of a serpent descending to the earth.
THE FEATHERED SERPENT
There were a couple names for a feathered, serpent-like god in the Mayan pantheon, who descended from the heavens, and taught these ancient people about astronomy, architecture, and construction, among other things.
Known as 'Quetzalcoatl' in the Nahuatl language, or 'Kukulkan' in Mayan, this entity was highly revered and, upon his departure, told the Mayans that he would one day return to Earth.
In view of what happens to Ethan on the summit of the Devils Tower(Chapter 37), it should be noted that Mesoamerican paintings, Central American temples, and the great burial mounds in the southeastern United States are frequently adorned with depictions of rattlesnakes, often within the symbols and emblems of the most powerful deities.
The Feathered Serpent
The Feathered Serpent of Mesoamerican religion was depicted as having the combined features of the quetzal and rattlesnake. The Ancient Maya considered the rattlesnake to be a 'vision serpent' that acted as a conduit to the 'Star Gods'.
Rattlesnakes are a key element in Mayan mythology and were widely represented in Mayan art, including sculptures, jewelry, and architectural elements.
THE 'JAGUAR GODS'
The jaguar is a prominent figure in Mesoamerican culture.
For instance, in the Maya civilization, a king would sit upon a cushion made of jaguar skin, during coronation, and a number of their deities were based on the figure of the Jaguar.
One of the most frequently seen images in the art and iconography of Mesoamerica is that of the jaguar. The jaguar is the largest feline creature in Mesoamerica, and is often depicted in a stylized, naturalistic or anthropomorphic form. Furthermore, the frequency of these depictions spans thousands of years.
Also, the Aztecs had an elite group of warriors known as 'ocelomeh' (plural for ocelotl, that is 'jaguar warrior').
Four of the most important gods among the Maya were the 'B'alams' - the 'Jaguars'.
In the 'Quiche Maya' tradition the 'B'alams' (jaguars) were the four gods who made possible the creation of man.
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| The 'Jaguar God of the Night Sun' |
They were known as 'B'alam Agab' (the 'Night Jaguar'), B'alam Quitze (the Smiling Jaguar), 'Iqi B'alam' (the 'Dark Jaguar') and 'Mahucatah' (the 'Jaguar of the Day').
The 'Jaguar God of Terrestrial Fire' is recognizable by jaguar ears, and fangs.
He personifies the number seven, which is associated with the Night.
Usually called 'Jaguar God of the Underworld', he has been assumed to be the 'Night Sun' - the shape supposedly taken by the sun ('Kinich Ahau') during his nightly journey through the underworld - by reason of having the large eyes and filed incisors that also occur with the sun deity.
The deity's hypothetical aspect of a nocturnal sun (that is, a subterranean fire) should perhaps be connected to his proven association with terrestrial fire.
He is often represented on incense burners and connected to 'fire rituals'.
The nocturnal sun hypothesis is complicated by the fact that the fiery jaguar deity is identified with a star (or perhaps a constellation or planet).
The god's other sphere of influence is war, witness for example the stereotypical presence of his face on war shields.
In the Mayan society there were separate priestly groups, known as the 'Chilam B'alam' - the ' Priests of the Jaguar'.
During his stay in Mexico, the 'Boss' had been initiated into the 'Chilam B'alam' by some of the of the last remaining Maya 'Jaguar Priests' - hence his obsession with jaguars - even to the extent of naming 'Marcus' - 'Jaguar Jim'.
In the tomb of Pakal, and great ruler of Palenque, a carving of the second to last ruler of the ancient Mayans, was found appearing, according 'Ancient Astronaut' theorists to control an upward-facing machine with flames and smoke shooting out the back.
While scholars and archaeologists propose that, in accord with Maya mythology and iconography this carving actually represented the 'Tree of Life' or a descent into the underworld, two leading scholars of Mayan epigraphy have stated that the inscriptions around the tomb actually detail an ascent into the cosmos.
The more well-known Mayan pyramids, including the 'Temple of Quetzalcoatl', the 'Temple of the Sun' and the 'Temple of the Moon' are found at 'Teotihuacan' (meaning: 'the place where the gods were created')
PALENQUE
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| The Temple of Inscriptions - Palenque |
Palenque - also anciently known as Lakamha (literally: 'Big Water'), was a Maya 'city-state' in southern Mexico that flourished in the 7th century. The Palenque ruins date from ca. 226 BC to ca. AD 79. Palenque is a medium-sized site, smaller than Tikal, Chichen Itza, or Copán, but it contains some of the finest architecture, sculpture and bas-relief carvings that the Mayas produced. Much of the history of Palenque has been reconstructed from reading the unique Mayan hieroglyphic inscriptions on the many monuments. Historians now have a long sequence describing the ruling dynasty of Palenque in the 5th century, and extensive knowledge of the city-state's rivalry with other states, such as Calakmul and Toniná. The most famous ruler of Palenque was K'inich Janaab Pakal, or 'Pacal the Great', whose tomb has been found and excavated in the Temple of the Inscriptions.
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| Palenque - Reconstruction |
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| Tomb of Pakal (according to 'Ancient Astronaut' theory) |
Inside a sarcophagus, the remains of this ancient ruler were found, though the body was significantly taller than the average height of the ancient Maya, and it appeared to have an unusual bone structure.
'Pakal', according to Mayan inscriptions was stated to have ruled for 68 years, and lived to the age of 80, much longer than the average life-span for that era.
However, tests of the remains indicated that they were of a man of only 40 years of age ?
A major industry, was later initiated by Erich von Däniken, a Swiss author, who claimed that 'Pakal' was represented on his tomb as an 'alien', leaving earth in a 'spaceship'.
While von Däniken's interpretation is 'stretching a point' - to say the very least - this does not invalidate serious questions regarding the nature and origins of the Maya culture and civilization.
However, tests of the remains indicated that they were of a man of only 40 years of age ?
A major industry, was later initiated by Erich von Däniken, a Swiss author, who claimed that 'Pakal' was represented on his tomb as an 'alien', leaving earth in a 'spaceship'.
While von Däniken's interpretation is 'stretching a point' - to say the very least - this does not invalidate serious questions regarding the nature and origins of the Maya culture and civilization.
MORE EVIDENCE FOR 'ALIEN STAR GODS'
There continue to be inexplicable discoveries made regarding the ancient Mayans that inspire curiosity and fuel the idea that they may have been visited by ancient alien 'gods'.
The pyramids at 'Tikal' are another anomaly that add to the intrigue, in the sense that they are 40 kilometres from any body of water.
Typically, ancient civilizations would build cities on or near a large water source, however 'Tikal' potentially hosted close to 100,000 citizens without one any nearby natural source of water.
The citizens would have gathered water from rainfall and stored it in reservoirs for use, but why would they go out of their way to build a massive city in such an inconvenient location ?
On one Mayan stepped pyramid one of the glyphs bears an inscription that claims that it was the spot where the ancient gods visited from the heavens and created the world.
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| Images of the Mayan 'Gods' |
These pyramids were impressively built throughout the Mayan empire, with 60 of them found at Tikal alone.
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| Maya Pyramid Temple |
These pyramids align with the three stars in the belt of the constellation 'Orion', just like the pyramids at Giza.
The pyramids were also built with a layer of Mica, a mineral not found anywhere in Central America.
Mica would have had to been imported some 2,000 - 3,000 miles away, from modern day Brazil - and without the luxury of wheels.
Mica is highly conductive and is used for capacitors and other electrical purposes in our modern technology, making its presence all the more intriguing.
Another interesting recent discovery, below the temples at Teotihuacan, was the presence of mercury.
While mainstream archaeology sees this as an ancient fascination with the shiny, but highly poisonous substance, others think that it may have been used as a fuel source for the ancient alien 'gods’ technology.
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| Pyramid at Uxmal |
Much like mica being a conductive mineral, mercury is also an excellent conductor of electricity.
Did the ancient Mayans go to such great length to store a lake of toxic mercury under their pyramids just to honor the dead, or perform ceremonies, or were they using it to power mercurially advanced technology ?
The Maya in many ways remain a mystery......
The Maya in many ways remain a mystery......
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All text - © Copyright Peter Crawford 2021
All Images - © Copyright Vittorio Carvelli 2021
Graphic Design - © Copyright Zac Sawyer 2021
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